Ornithosis - Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Definition
Ornithosis is define as an infectious disease that affects many bird
species worldwide such as parrots , macaws , cockatiels , parakeets
,pigeons , sparrows , ducks , hens , sea gulls etc & generally
spread to humans from birds, specially psittacine, or parrot-like,
birds. It can also be moved to other mammals. Ornithosis is also known
as parrot fever , parrot disease & psittacosis . It is recognized as
a zoonotic infectious disease produced by the bacterium Chlamydia
psittaci.
This disease appears in the hole world specially to those
people who are associated with occupational exposure to birds such as
poultry farming, which is spread to humans by birds. This infectious
disease ornithosis is characterized by pneumonitis and systemic symptoms
(throughout the body).It is sometimes applied to infections from birds
other than birds includes the parrots, macaws, and parakeets.
CausesOrnithosis
is an contagious disease originated by chlamydia and can be spread from
birds,animals to man. The bacterium Chlamydia psittaci are discharged
in the lachrymal fluid, droppings, beak and throat mucus and the crop
milk. Sometimes transmission appears through direct or close interaction
with contaminated secretions or body tissues, as in laboratory
personnel who work with birds. Person-to-person transmission seldom
occurs but generally results critical ornithosis.
The infected birds
by ornithosis become the carriers & discharge the pathogen. The
birds contract the disease by breathing in dust having the pathogen, by
ingesting contaminated feed or water & by billing or feeding their
young.
The infection may moved to the upper respiratory tract. Nasal
catarrh appears, a milky yellow liquid may extract from the nostrils
and then dry & obstruct them. The inflammation produces itching
& pain , which the pigeon will try to scratch.
SymptomsThe
incubation period in humans is 5-14 days & symptoms occurs from
illness to systemic illness with severe pneumonia .The symptoms in the
humans include are rash, mild fever, headache and commonly pneumonia.
But in birds, the symptoms occur such as low appetite, ruffled
appearance, eye or nose discharge, and diarrhea.
Ornithosis occurs in 2 ways:
- The
acute ornithosis can be occur in young pigeons from wheezing noises,
uni- or bilateral conjunctivitis & muco-aqueous enteritis with
diarrhoea .
- The chronic ornithosis is more often developed in adult birds, which, however, show few or no symptoms of the infection.
There are some of the ornithosis symptoms given below are:
- Pain in muscle
- Fever
- Chills
- Headache
- Fatigue
- Cough (dry)
- Breathing disorder
- Blood tinged sputum
In
some complex situations encephalitis, endocarditis , hepatitis ,
myocarditis , arthritis & keratoconjunctivitis may sometime occur.
TreatmentsTetracycline, an antibiotics are often recommended to treat ornithosis in both humans and birds.
If the patient can't able to tolerate tetracycline, penicillin G procaine or chloramphenicol is recommended as an alternative.
Chlortetracyclin is also used for many years to ebb the as it is the one of the good drugs to treat the ornithosis.
There are lot of drugs available in the market to mitigate the
ornithosis ,the drugs which are commonly use to treat ornithosis with
antibiotics such as doxycycline ,erythromycin & azithromycin
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